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English 
Benzoic acid is an aromatic acid organic compound and is also the simplest aromatic acid [1], with the chemical formula C7H6O2.
At room temperature around 25ºC, the PKa value is 4.2, which is a monolithic weak acid, but is more acidic than fatty acids, has a stable chemical structure, and is not easily oxidized. [18] Melting point 122.13 ℃, boiling point 249.2 ℃, relative density (15/4 ℃) 1.2659. The appearance is white needle-shaped or scale-shaped crystals. It will be sublimated at above 100 ℃. Slightly soluble in cold water, hexane, soluble in hot water, ethanol 、ether 、chloroform 、carbon 、disulfide and turpentine oil .
Chemical reaction: Formic acid is stable in properties at room temperature and pressure and is not prone to reaction. Its chemical properties mainly depend on the activity of the functional groups, namely the benzene ring and the carboxyl group. The reaction on the carboxyl group includes reacting with a base to form a salt, reacting with an alcohol to form a corresponding ester, substituting the hydroxyl group to form benzoyl chloride, substituting with an amino group to form benzoamide, etc. The hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring in benzoic acid can be replaced by various atoms or groups, but since the carboxyl group on the benzene ring is a meta-position electron-absorbing group that can passivate the benzene ring, the substitution reactions such as sulfonation, nitration and chlorination of benzoic acid are difficult to perform hydrogenation reactions than on the benzene ring. Benzoic acid oxidizes it as a catalyst to form hexahydrobenzoic acid, which is an intermediate for the production of caprolactam. Benzoic acid can also undergo decarboxylation reaction to form benzene and carbon dioxide at high temperatures.
Benzoic acid is an aromatic acid organic compound and is also the simplest aromatic acid [1], with the chemical formula C7H6O2.
At room temperature around 25ºC, the PKa value is 4.2, which is a monolithic weak acid, but is more acidic than fatty acids, has a stable chemical structure, and is not easily oxidized. [18] Melting point 122.13 ℃, boiling point 249.2 ℃, relative density (15/4 ℃) 1.2659. The appearance is white needle-shaped or scale-shaped crystals. It will be sublimated at above 100 ℃. Slightly soluble in cold water, hexane, soluble in hot water, ethanol 、ether 、chloroform 、carbon 、disulfide and turpentine oil .
Chemical reaction: Formic acid is stable in properties at room temperature and pressure and is not prone to reaction. Its chemical properties mainly depend on the activity of the functional groups, namely the benzene ring and the carboxyl group. The reaction on the carboxyl group includes reacting with a base to form a salt, reacting with an alcohol to form a corresponding ester, substituting the hydroxyl group to form benzoyl chloride, substituting with an amino group to form benzoamide, etc. The hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring in benzoic acid can be replaced by various atoms or groups, but since the carboxyl group on the benzene ring is a meta-position electron-absorbing group that can passivate the benzene ring, the substitution reactions such as sulfonation, nitration and chlorination of benzoic acid are difficult to perform hydrogenation reactions than on the benzene ring. Benzoic acid oxidizes it as a catalyst to form hexahydrobenzoic acid, which is an intermediate for the production of caprolactam. Benzoic acid can also undergo decarboxylation reaction to form benzene and carbon dioxide at high temperatures.
